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The nucleation of vapor bubbles within a superheated fluid is studied usingdensity functional theory. The nudged elastic band technique is used to findthe minimum energy pathway from the metastable uniform liquid to the stableuniform gas thus emphasizing the analogy between the the nucleation problem andthat of chemical reactions. The result is both an accurate determination of thecritical nucleus and an unbiased description of the density profile at variouspoints along the path between the free energy extrema. This calculation iscompared to two other methods: the use of parametrized profiles and constrainedminimization of the free energy. The results indicate that the recent claim,based on the constraint method, that bubble nucleation and growth involves anactivated instability is incorrect.

Theoretical description of the nucleation of vapor bubbles in a superheated fluid