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Topological behavior has been observed in quantum systems including ultracoldatoms. However, background harmonic traps for cold-atoms hinder directdetection of topological edge states arising at the boundary because thedistortion fuses the edge states into the bulk. We propose experimentallyfeasible protocols to probe localized edge states and dimerization of ultracoldfermions. By confining cold-atoms in a ring lattice and changing the boundarycondition from periodic to open using an off-resonant laser sheet to cut openthe ring, topological edge states can be generated. A lattice in a topologicalconfiguration can trap a single particle released at the edge as the systemevolves in time. Alternatively, depleting an initially filled lattice away fromthe boundary reveals the occupied edge states. Signatures of dimerization inthe presence of contact interactions can be found in selected correlations asthe system boundary suddenly changes from periodic to open and exhibit memoryeffects of the initial state distinguishing different configurations or phases.

Protocols for dynamically probing topological edge states and dimerization with fermionic atoms in optical potentials