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Premelting of ice within pores in earth materials is shown to depend on thepresence of vapor layers. For thick vapor layers between ice and pore surfaces,a nanosized water sheet can be formed due to repulsive Lifshitz forces. In theabsence of vapor layers, ice is inhibited from melting near pore surfaces. Inbetween these limits, we find an enhancement of the water film thickness insilica and alumina pores. In the presence of metallic surface patches in thepore, the Lifshitz forces can dramatically widen the water film thickness, withpotential complete melting of the ice surface.

The influence of Lifshitz forces and gas on premelting of ice within porous materials