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Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in gaseous Ar has for the first timebeen systematically studied in the two-phase mode, at 87 K and 1.00 atm. Liquidargon had a minor (56 ppm) admixture of nitrogen, which allowed to understand,inter alia, the effect of N2 doping on the EL mechanism in rare-eventexperiments using two-phase Ar detectors. The measurements were performed in atwo-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector (CRAD) with EL gap located directlyabove the liquid-gas interface. The EL gap was optically read out in the VacuumUltraviolet (VUV), near 128 nm (Ar excimer emission), and in the nearUltraviolet (UV), at 300-450 nm (N2 Second Positive System emission), viacryogenic PMTs and a Geiger-mode APD (GAPD). Proportional electroluminescencewas measured to have an amplification parameter of 109+-10 photons per driftingelectron per kV overall in the VUV and UV, of which 51+-6% were emitted in theUV. The measured EL threshold, at an electric field of 3.7+-0.2 kV/cm, was inaccordance with that predicted by the theory. The latter result is particularlyrelevant to DarkSide and SCENE dark matter search-related experiments, wherethe operation electric field was thereby on the verge of appearance of the S2(ionization-induced) signal. The results obtained pave the way to thedevelopment of N2-doped two-phase Ar detectors with enhanced sensitivity to theS2 signal.

Proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon and its relevance to rare-event experiments