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The astroglial protein S100 is an established biochemical marker for CNS injury in the adult. The aim was to investigate whether S100 in serum is a prognostic marker of cerebral injury in term newborn infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia. Serum S100 was measured on postnatal days 1-4 in 62 term infants with birth asphyxia. The infants were classified for HIE and had follow-up for at least 18 mo. Infants with moderate and severe HIE had significantly higher S100 levels on postnatal day 1 (p = 0.031) and day 2 (p = 0.008) than infants with mild or no HIE. The levels of S100 decreased on days 2 and 3 in all infants with HIE. The median S100 level on postnatal day 1 was higher in nine infants who died neonatally and in 10 infants who developed cerebral palsy (CP), compared with 43 infants with no signs of impairment at follow up, 14.0 (0.5-60.0) microg/L, 20.7 (0.2-64.0) microg/L and 5.5 (0.7-120.0) microg/L, respectively. A level of S100 above 12 microg/L the first day of life was significantly more frequent in infants who died or developed CP than in infants with no impairment at follow up (p = 0.02). Increased S100 levels were significantly inversely correlated with perinatal pH in the infants and associated with abnormal CTG at admission to the labor ward. Early determination of serum S100 may reflect the extent of brain damage in infants with HIE after asphyxia.

S100 Protein in Serum as a Prognostic Marker for Cerebral Injury in Term Newborn Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy