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9 Underserved Populations Poster Symposium, Sunday, 5/2 Objective: The use of violence by adolescents to resolve conflicts, to acquire possessions, and to achieve goals has been found to be associated with exposure to violence and substance use during middle and late adolescence. This study examined the relationships between exposure to violence, substance use, depression, and church attendance and the use of violence among very young adolescents. Methods: An 86-item confidential questionnaire was administered to 702 6th grade students attending four middle schools serving neighborhoods in (40%) and around public housing. The students were 51% female and ranged in age from 11-14 years (mean=11.9 ±0.8 years). The questionnaire contained scales measuring the frequency of the use of violence and weapon carrying in the previous 3 months (α=.72), lifetime exposure to violence or victimization (α=.81), and the Children's Depression Inventory (α=.86). The students were also asked about the probability of being alive at age 25, the frequency of attendance at religious services, and the frequency of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and other drug use in the previous 3 months. Bivariate analyses were conducted with Spearman correlation coefficients and general linear modeling. Variables significantly associated with the use of violence scale were analyzed with multiple linear regression. Results: Males (2.04) had higher mean violence scale scores than females (0.64) (p ≤.0001) and students living in public housing (1.73) had higher violence scale scores than other students (1.04) (p ≤.0001). Use of violence was significantly associated with exposure to violence (r=.45), age (r=.23), frequency of church attendance (r=-.14), depression (r=.28), the probability of being alive at age 25 (r=.09), and the frequency of use of cigarettes (r=.39), spit tobacco (r=.21), alcohol (r=.37), binge drinking (r=.34), marijuana (r=.25), cocaine (r=.17) and other drugs (r=.21). Based on multiple regression, exposure to violence accounted for 20.5% of the variance in the use of violence scale as the first variable in the model. In order of magnitude, cigarette smoking (10.5%), marijuana use (4.5%), male gender (2.9%), depression (1.9%), other drug use (1.6%), alcohol use (.6%), and age (.4%) each accounted for significant amount of additional variation in the model. The full model accounted for 42.9% of the variation in the use of violence in the previous 3 months. Conclusions: Among young adolescents living in neighborhoods where there are an increased number of risk factors for violence, lifetime exposure to violence and victimization was the strongest correlate with the frequency that these youth reported using violence and carrying weapons. However, after accounting for this relationship, the use of violence was also associated with depression and substance use. The frequency of church attendance did not modify the relationships during multivariate analyses.

Exposure to Violence and Victimization, Depression, and Substance Use and the Use of Violence by Young Adolescents