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Dispersants aid the breakup of crude oil masses and increase the availableinterfacial surface area for bacteria to degrade insoluble hydrocarbons in themarine environment. However, this common view neglects key aspects of themicroscale interactions between bacteria and oil droplets, particularly theencounters between these elements that are required for degradation to occur.This chapter discusses a biophysical model for hydrocarbon consumption ofsuspended oil droplets under conditions of rapid dilution that occur in naturalenvironments. Based on the model, which includes typical biological growthparameters, dilution is found to produce an effective delay in the onset ofbiodegradation by approximately a week. The steady and rapid reduction in oilconcertation, due to dilution, is found to outpace the production ofoil-degrading bacteria that result from colonization of degrading oil droplets,maintaining the process in an encounter-limited state. This mechanistic modelprovides a baseline for better understanding of microscale biodegradation indilute oil environments and can help inform the design of mitigation strategiesin marine systems.

Modeling the impact of dilution on the microbial degradation time of dispersed oil in marine environments