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Purpose   We assessed Tau protein expression in primary breast cancer specimens of patients included in the National Surgical Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) -B 28 clinical trial. Expression levels were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Interaction between this marker and paclitaxel efficacy was also examined.Methods   Tissue microarrays were available for 1,942 patients (63% of all trial participants) who were randomly assigned to receive either four courses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or AC followed by four courses of adjuvant paclitaxel chemotherapy. All patients who were hormone receptor positive received adjuvant endocrine therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure Tau expression at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center blinded to clinical outcome. Correlation between Tau and OS and DFS was performed by the NSABP Biostatistical Center.Results   Forty-three percent of patients were Tau positive. Tau positivity correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) -positive status (P &lt; .0001), lower histologic grade (P &lt; .001), and lack of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (P &lt; .0001). In univariate analyses, Tau- and ER-positive status were both associated with better DFS and OS (P &lt; .0001) whereas greater tumor size, high grade, lymph node- and HER2-positive status were each associated with worse DFS and OS (P &lt; .0001). In multivariate analysis, the same variables except HER2 remained significant. There was no significant interaction between Tau expression and benefit from paclitaxel in the total population or among ER-positive or -negative patients.Conclusion   High Tau protein expression is associated with better prognosis in patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline and paclitaxel chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, but there was no significant interaction between Tau expression and paclitaxel benefit.

Evaluation of Microtubule-Associated Protein-Tau Expression As a Prognostic and Predictive Marker in the NSABP-B 28 Randomized Clinical Trial