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Geological carbon sequestration involves large‐scale injection of carbon dioxide into underground geologic formations and is considered as a potential approach for mitigating global warming. Changes in reservoir properties resulting from the CO2 injection and migration can be characterized using waveform inversions of time‐lapse seismic data. The conventional approach for analysis using waveform tomography is to take the difference of the images obtained using baseline and subsequent time‐lapse datasets that are inverted independently. By contrast, double‐difference waveform inversion uses time‐lapse seismic datasets to jointly invert for reservoir changes. We apply conventional and double difference methods to a field time‐lapse walkaway VSP data set acquired in 2008 and 2009 for monitoring CO2 injection at an enhanced oil recovery field at SACROC, Texas. The double‐difference waveform inversion gives a cleaner and more easily interpreted image of reservoir changes, as compared to that obtained with the conventional scheme. Our results from the applicatoin of acoustic double‐difference waveform tomography shows some zones with decreased P‐wave velocity within the reservoir due to CO2 injection and migration

Carbon sequestration monitoring with acoustic double‐difference waveform inversion: A case study on SACROC walkaway VSP data