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Escherichia coli  has become one of the most important causes of calf diarrhea. The aim of this study is to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of  E. coli  isolates from six cattle farms and to identify prominent resistance genes and virulence genes among the strains isolated from the diarrhea of calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method, and PCR was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR)  E. coli  was 77.8% in dairy cattle and 63.6% in beef cattle. There were high resistance rates to penicillin (100%, 100%) and ampicillin (96.3%, 86.4%) in  E. coli  from dairy cattle and beef cattle. Interestingly, resistance rate to antimicrobials and distribution of resistance genes in  E. coli  isolated from dairy cattle were higher than those in beef cattle. Further analysis showed that the most prevalent resistance genes were  bla  TEM  and  aadA1  in dairy cattle and beef cattle, respectively. Moreover, seven diarrheagenic virulence genes ( irp2 ,  fyuA ,  Stx1 ,  eaeA ,  F41 ,  K99  and  STa ) were present in the isolates from dairy cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 22.22%. Six diarrheagenic virulence genes ( irp2 ,  fyuA ,  Stx1 ,  eaeA ,  hylA  and  F41 ) were identified in the isolates from beef cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 2.27% to 63.64%. Our results provide important evidence for better exploring their interaction mechanism. Further studies are also needed to understand the origin and transmission route of  E. coli  in cattle to reduce its prevalence.

Phenotypic and molecular characterizations of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli of calf origin