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Background Euphorbia  is the largest genus in family Euphorbiaceae with a great biological and genetic diversity. The anti-trypanosomal activity of the crude extract of 15  Euphorbia  species against  Trypanosoma brucei brucei  was carried out. Furthermore, DNA fingerprinting of the tested species using ISSR and SCoT markers was also investigated. Results The anti-trypanosomal activity of the 15  Euphorbia  species revealed the highest activity of  E. officinarum  L. and  E. milli  Des Moul. against  Trypanosoma brucei brucei  with IC 50  values &lt; 10 μg/mL after 48- and 72-h incubation. Moreover, the assessment of the genetic diversity among the 15 tested species showed similar correlation coefficients of 0.76–0.98 which classified  Euphorbia  species into two main groups, one contained two species and the other contained 13 species. Conclusions Some  Euphorbia  species exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity toward  Trypanosoma brucei  strain TC221. Results also indicated the suitability of both markers for genetic fingerprinting of the tested  Euphorbia  species. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed comparison of the performance of two targeted DNA molecular markers (SCoT and ISSR) on the tested 15  Euphorbia  species. The results guide future efficient use of these molecular markers in the genetic analysis of  Euphorbia .

Anti-trypanosomal activity and DNA fingerprinting of fifteen Euphorbia species using ISSR and SCoT markers