English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background Microalgae and nanoparticles are currently considered promising tools for numerous agricultural and biotechnological applications. The green microalga  Chlorella  sp. MF1 and its biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used in this study as biofortification agents to enhance glucosinolate and kaempferol levels in  Eruca sativa . UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and TEM were comprehensively used for characterizing  Chlorella -based AgNPs. Results The biosynthesized AgNPs were found to be spherical in shape, with size ranging from 1.45 to 5.08 nm. According to FTIR measurements, silver ions were reduced to AgNPs by functional groups such as amide, hydroxyl and carboxylate. Different experimental treatments were conducted, including either soaking seeds of  E. sativa  or foliar spray with various concentrations of  Chlorella  suspension (1, 2, 3 and 4 g L −1 ) and AgNPs (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L −1 ). Expression levels of five key genes in the biosynthetic pathway of glucosinolates ( MAM1 ,  SUR1, MYB34  and  MYB51 ) and kaempferol ( CHS ) were assessed using qRT-PCR. The results indicated an upregulation in the gene expression levels in all treatments compared to control, recording the highest level at 40 mg L −1  AgNPs and 4 g L −1  Chlorella  suspension. In addition, high glucosinolates and kaempferol content was detected in plants whose leaves were sprayed with AgNPs and  Chlorella  suspension (40 mg L −1  and 4 g L −1 ) based on HPLC analysis. Sequence analysis of amplified  CHS  fragments from  E. sativa  plants treated with AgNPs (40 mg L −1 ) showed high sequence similarity to  A. thaliana CHS  gene. However, there were several  CHS  regions with sequence polymorphism (SNPs and Indels) in foliar sprayed plants. Conclusions Results of this study evidenced that the application of AgNPs and  Chlorella  suspension increased glucosinolates and kaempferol content in  E. sativa  through upregulation of key genes in their biosynthetic pathway.

Silver nanoparticles and Chlorella treatments induced glucosinolates and kaempferol key biosynthetic genes in Eruca sativa