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Vitamin D3 (Vit.D3) is an antioxidant that can improve sperm motility. However, the specific mechanisms of Vit.D3’s effect on sperm are not yet elucidated. Since heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and oxidative stress (OS) are effective in sperm motility and it has been shown that vitamin D3 is associated with these factors, thus this pilot study evaluated the effects of Vit.D3 on HSP70 and OS levels in normal and asthenozoospermic semen samples. In this study, the level of HSP70 proteins was evaluated by western blotting and immunocytochemistry in eight normal and nine asthenozoospermic samples. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) assay and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test were used for measuring OS. The results showed that the amount of HSP70 protein was higher in the groups treated with Vit.D3 compared to the control groups. Likewise, in normal and asthenozoospermic samples, OS was increased in treatment groups, but the increase was insignificant in asthenozoospermic samples. According to the data, HSP70 and OS levels were increased in the sperm cells after incubation with Vit.D3; thus, vitamin D3 might improve sperm motility via these factors in vitro.

Effects of vitamin D3 on the level of heat shock protein 70 and oxidative stress in human sperm: a pilot study