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Background Airway epithelium contributes to the natural history of bronchial asthma through the production of various cytokines and chemokines. The purpose of this study was to assess nasal epithelial cell genes ( TMEM178 ,  FKBP5 ,  CLCA1 ,  SERPINB2  and  periostin ) in childhood asthma and their utility in predicting asthma severity, and atopic status. Seventy asthmatic children were included and further subdivided into mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma together with 30 apparently healthy children as a control group. All children were subjected to medical history taking, clinical examination. Nasal epithelial samples were collected for detection of epithelial cell genes ( TMEM178 ,  FKBP5 ,  CLCA1 ,  SERPINB2  and  periostin ) by real-time PCR. Results TMEM178  showed significant down-regulation in asthmatic children and its expression levels decreased significantly with the progression of asthma severity.  CLCA1 ,  SERPINB2  and  periostin  showed statistically significant up-regulation in asthmatic children, whereas  FKBP5  was increased in asthmatic children but with non-significant up-regulation when compared with the control group. Regarding atopic status, relative gene expression levels of  CLCA1 ,  SERPINB2  and  periostin  were significantly up-regulated in atopic asthma. Conclusion Our findings suggest the role of nasal airways epithelial cells in predicting asthma severity and atopic status, as  TMEM178  expression gained attention as a predictor of asthma severity.  CLCA1 ,  SERPINB2  and periostin expression were up-regulated not only in asthmatic children, but also in atopic asthma.

A study of nasal epithelial cell gene expression in a sample of mild to severe asthmatic children and healthy controls