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Inborn errors of metabolism are genetically inherited diseases which can lead to accumulation of toxic metabolites in the body. Inborn errors of metabolism have a high morbidity and mortality in neonates. Many inborn errors of metabolism are amenable to treatment with early diagnoses. Till now, more than 500 metabolic disorders have been detected. Although individual metabolic disorders are rare, the incidence of overall metabolic disorders is high. It was found that 70/200 cases (35 %) had confirmed inborn errors of metabolism, and another 8 cases (4%) suspected to have inborn errors of metabolism; 15/200 (7.5%) cases had mild elevation of phenylalanine level, while 107/200 (53.5%) had another diagnosis rather than metabolic disorders. Urea cycle defect was diagnosed in 20/70 (28.5%), maple syrup urine disease in 18/70 (25.7%), organic acidemia in 15/70 (21.4%), and non-ketotic hyperglycinemia in 1/70 (1.4 %) case. Also, 15/70 (21.4 %) cases had fatty acid oxidation defect. Lastly, one female case (1.4 %) was diagnosed to have disorder of pyrimidine deficiency. Diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism was confirmed in 35% of neonates, and 4% was suspected to have metabolic disorders. These results showed that inherited metabolic disorders are not rare. The development of a nationwide screening program for metabolic disorders is mandatory for early detection of these potentially treatable disorders.

Detection of some metabolic disorders in suspected neonates admitted at Assiut University Children Hospital