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The fungi of the order  Onygenales  can cause important human infections; however, their taxonomy and worldwide occurrence is still little known. We have studied and identified a representative number of clinical fungi belonging to that order from a reference laboratory in the USA. A total of 22 strains isolated from respiratory tract (40%) and human skin and nails (27.2%) showed a malbranchea-like morphology. Six genera were phenotypically and molecularly identified, i.e.  Auxarthron/Malbranchea  (68.2%),  Arachnomyces  (9.1%),  Spiromastigoides  (9.1%), and  Currahmyces  (4.5%), and two newly proposed genera (4.5% each). Based on the results of the phylogenetic study, we synonymized  Auxarthron  with  Malbranchea , and erected two new genera:  Pseudoarthropsis  and  Pseudomalbranchea . New species proposed are:  Arachnomyces bostrychodes ,  A. graciliformis ,  Currahmyces sparsispora ,  Malbranchea gymnoascoides ,  M. multiseptata ,  M. stricta ,  Pseudoarthropsis crassispora ,  Pseudomalbranchea gemmata,  and  Spiromastigoides geomycoides , along with a new combination for  Malbranchea gypsea . The echinocandins showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against the studied isolates, followed by terbinafine and posaconazole; in contrast, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were less active or lacked in vitro activity against these fungi.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43008-021-00075-x.

A revision of malbranchea-like fungi from clinical specimens in the United States of America reveals unexpected novelty