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Among many convergently evolved sequestrate fungal genera in  Boletaceae  ( Boletales ,  Basidiomycota ), the genus  Octaviania  is the most diverse. We recently collected many specimens of  Octaviania  subg.  Octaviania,  including several undescribed taxa, from Japan and the Americas. Here we describe two new species in subgenus  Octaviania ,  O. tenuipes  and  O. tomentosa , from temperate to subtropical evergreen  Fagaceae  forests in Japan based on morphological observation and robust multilocus phylogenetic analyses (nrDNA ITS and partial large subunit [LSU], translation elongation factor 1-α gene [ TEF1 ] and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene [ RPB1 ]). Based on specimens from the Americas as well as studies of the holotype, we also taxonomically re-evaluate  O. asterosperma  var.  potteri . Our analysis suggests that  O. asterosperma  var.  potteri  is a distinct taxon within the subgenus  Octaviania  so we recognize this as  O. potteri  stat. nov. We unexpectedly collected  O. potteri  specimens from geographically widespread sites in the USA, Japan and Colombia. This is the first verified report of  Octaviania  from the South American continent. Our molecular analyses also revealed that the  RPB1  sequence of one  O. tenuipes  specimen was identical to that of a closely related species,  O. japonimontana , and that one  O. potteri  specimen from Minnesota had an  RPB1  sequence of an unknown species of  O.  subg.  Octaviania . Additionally, one  O. japonimontana  specimen had an unusually divergent  TEF1  sequence. Gene-tree comparison and phylogenetic network analysis of the multilocus dataset suggest that these heterogenous sequences are most likely the result of previous inter- and intra-specific hybridization. We hypothesize that frequent hybridization events in  Octaviania  may have promoted the high genetic and species diversity found within the genus.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43008-021-00066-y.

Multilocus phylogenies reveal three new truffle-like taxa and the traces of interspecific hybridization in Octaviania (Boletaceae, Boletales)