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The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus  Squamanita  ( Agaricales ,  Basidiomycota ) together with  Cystoderma ,  Phaeolepiota ,  Floccularia , and  Leucopholiota  is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as  Squamanitaceae , but previous studies used few DNA markers from a restricted sample of taxa from the family and lacked a formal taxonomic treatment. In this study, with newly generated sequences of the type of the genus  Squamanita ,  S. schreieri , and several additional species of the family, the phylogeny is reinvestigated with a concatenated (18S-5.8S-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1 - α) dataset. This study reveals that  Cystoderma ,  Phaeolepiota ,  Squamanita ,  Floccularia , and  Leucopholiota  are a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in Bayesian analysis and form  Squamanitaceae .  Phaeolepiota  nested within  Cystoderma ;  Squamanita ,  Leucopholiota , and  Floccularia  clustered together as two monophyletic subclades; and  Squamanita  was present as a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The family name  Squamanitaceae  is formally emended and a detailed taxonomic treatment is presented to accommodate the five genera. Meanwhile, another concatenated (18S-ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1 - α) dataset is used to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in  Squamanita . Our data indicates that “ S. umbonata ” from the Northern hemisphere forms two species complexes, one complex includes six specimens from North America, Europe, and East Asia, the other includes two specimens from Central America and North America respectively. Futhermore, species of  Squamanita  can parasitize species of  Amanita , besides other fungal species.  Squamanita mira  parasitizes  A .  kitamagotake  ( A.  sect.  Caesareae ), while  S. orientalis  and  S. sororcula  are parasites of species belonging to the  A .  sepiacea  complex ( A.  sect.  Validae ). “ Squamanita umbonata ” from Italy occurs on  A. excelsa  ( A.  sect.  Validae ). Three new species of  Squamanita  from East Asia, viz.  S. mira ,  S. orientalis  and  S. sororcula  are documented with morphological, multi-gene phylogenetic, and ecological data, along with line drawings and photographs, and compared with similar species. A key for identification of the global  Squamanita  species is provided.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43008-021-00057-z.

Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes