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Pterulaceae  was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera:  Actiniceps  (= Dimorphocystis) ,  Allantula ,  Deflexula ,  Parapterulicium ,  Pterula,  and  Pterulicium . Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in  Pterulaceae  do not distinguish the genera.  Actiniceps  and  Parapterulicium  have been removed, and a few other resupinate genera were added to the family. However, none of these studies intended to investigate the relationship between  Pterulaceae  genera. In this study, we generated 278 sequences from both newly collected and fungarium samples. Phylogenetic analyses supported with morphological data allowed a reclassification of  Pterulaceae  where we propose the introduction of  Myrmecopterula  gen. nov. and  Radulomycetaceae  fam. nov., the reintroduction of  Phaeopterula , the synonymisation of  Deflexula  in  Pterulicium,  and 53 new combinations.  Pterula  is rendered polyphyletic requiring a reclassification; thus, it is split into  Pterula ,  Myrmecopterula  gen. nov.,  Pterulicium  and  Phaeopterula .  Deflexula  is recovered as paraphyletic alongside several  Pterula  species and  Pterulicium,  and is sunk into the latter genus.  Phaeopterula  is reintroduced to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The neotropical  Myrmecopterula  gen. nov. forms a distinct clade adjacent to  Pterula , and most members of this clade are associated with active or inactive attine ant nests. The resupinate genera  Coronicium  and  Merulicium  are recovered in a strongly supported clade close to  Pterulicium . The other resupinate genera previously included in  Pterulaceae , and which form basidiomes lacking cystidia and with monomitic hyphal structure ( Radulomyces ,  Radulotubus  and  Aphanobasidium ), are reclassified into Radulomycetaceae fam. nov.  Allantula  is still an enigmatic piece in this puzzle known only from the type specimen that requires molecular investigation. A key for the genera of  Pterulaceae  and  Radulomycetaceae  fam. nov. is also provided here.

ima fungus

Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) introducing the ant-associated genus Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Phaeopterula Henn. and the corticioid Radulomycetaceae fam. nov.