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Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were functionalized with maleic anhydride (MA). The extension of adsorbed MA on the TiO 2  was evaluated by ultrasonic and magnetic stirring. Total Organic Carbon and Thermogravimetric Analysis confirmed the presence of surface MA even after the washing process. The Fourier Transform Infrared and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance spectra clearly showed the chemical anchored maleic anhydride on the TiO 2  surface as bidentate bridging adsorption. The surface modification of TiO 2  extended its light absorption range to the visible light region reducing its bandgap energy from 3.05 to 2.55 eV. X-Ray Diffraction patterns showed that the TiO 2  functionalized presented a mixture of anatase and rutile phases without any crystalline phase transformation after MA chemisorption process. The functionalization percentage and the reaction efficiency for the TiO 2  with 5 wt% MA sample were 3.6 and 69%, respectively, as shown by Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The performance of pure and functionalized TiO 2  samples were evaluated in the photocatalytic degradation of the Methyl Orange dye under ultraviolet light. TiO 2  with 5 wt% MA produced a maximum degradation of 97% after 90 min, 3% higher than the commercial TiO 2 .

Structure and photocatalytic activity of maleic anhydride-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles by a simple method