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Background  Dietary fibers are widely considered to be beneficial to health as they produce nutrients through gut microbial fermentation while facilitating weight management and boosting gut health. To date, the gene expression profiles of the carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that respond to different types of fibers (raw potato starch, RPS; inulin, INU; pectin, PEC) in the gut microbes of pigs are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the functional response of colonic microbiota to different dietary fibers in pigs through metatranscriptomic analysis.    Results  The results showed that the microbial composition and CAZyme structure of the three experimental groups changed significantly compared with the control group (CON). Based on a comparative analysis with the control diet, RPS increased the abundance of  Parabacteroides ,  Ruminococcus ,  Faecalibacterium  and  Alloprevotella  but decreased  Sutterella ; INU increased the relative abundance of  Fusobacterium  and  Rhodococcus  but decreased  Bacillus ; and PEC increased the relative abundance of the  Streptococcus  and  Bacteroidetes  groups but decreased  Clostridium ,  Clostridioides ,  Intestinibacter ,  Gemmiger ,  Muribaculum  and  Vibrio . The gene expression of CAZymes GH8, GH14, GH24, GH38, GT14, GT31, GT77 and GT91 downregulated but that of GH77, GH97, GT3, GT10 and GT27 upregulated in the RPS diet group; the gene expression of AA4, AA7, GH14, GH15, GH24, GH26, GH27, GH38, GH101, GT26, GT27 and GT38 downregulated in the INU group; and the gene expression of PL4, AA1, GT32, GH18, GH37, GH101 and GH112 downregulated but that of CE14, AA3, AA12, GH5, GH102 and GH103 upregulated in the PEC group. Compared with the RPS and INU groups, the composition of colonic microbiota in the PEC group exhibited more diverse changes with the variation of CAZymes and  Streptococcus  as the main contributor to CBM61, which greatly promoted the digestion of pectin.    Conclusion  The results of this exploratory study provided a comprehensive overview of the effects of different fibers on nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota and CAZymes in pig colon, which will furnish new insights into the impacts of the use of dietary fibers on animal and human health.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00108-1.

Metatranscriptomic analysis of colonic microbiota’s functional response to different dietary fibers in growing pigs