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Sclerotial development is a vital stage in the life cycles of many fungal plant pathogens. In this study, the protein Ss-CAD, which contains three conserved domains of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), was found to be required for sclerotial development in  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum .  Ss-CAD  was significantly upregulated during early stage of sclerotial development. In  Ss-CAD- silenced strains, sclerotial development was abnormal. In these silenced strains, formation of sclerotia was delayed or sclerotia yield was reduced, whereas hyphal growth and virulence were normal.  Nox1 ,  Nox2 , and  NoxR , which encode reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating NADPH oxidases, were downregulated in  Ss-CAD -silenced strains.  NoxR- silenced strains displayed similar defects during sclerotial formation as  Ss-CAD -silenced strains. Treatment of  Ss-CAD -silenced strains with exogenous oxidants or NADPH restored normal sclerotial development. Sclerogenesis in  Ss-CAD -silenced strains could also be recovered through  Nox1  overexpression. The results suggest that Ss-CAD is linked to the NADPH oxidase pathways to affect sclerotial development in  S. sclerotiorum .

A cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase required for sclerotial development in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum