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Background Haemonchosis is a serious disease affecting ruminants’ productivity worldwide. Medicinal plants are deemed one of the most natural bio-products safely used as alternatives to the synthetic anthelmintics. In the present study, comparative efficacy of crude ethanolic extracts (CEEs) of  Artemisia herba-alba  ( A. herba-alba ),  Balanites aegyptiaca  ( B. aegyptiaca ) and  Allium sativum  ( A. sativum ) as alternative treatments was tested on  Haemonchus contortus  (  H. contortus ). An in vitro test to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of various concentrations of extracts at 25, 30 and 50 mg/ml was accomplished on motility and viability of adult worms in comparison with albendazole, reference drug at 10 μg/ml at various time intervals. An in vivo test was carried out in lambs experimentally infected with  H. contortus  to detect anthelmintic activity of CEEs of  A. herba-alba  and  B. aegyptiaca  compared to albendazole. Fifteen parasite-free Baladi Egyptian lambs aged 4–8 months old were categorized into five groups, each of three lambs as follows: G1 was kept as uninfected untreated one, G2 was utilized as infected untreated group, G3 was given CEE of  A. herba-alba , G4 was received CEE of  B. aegyptiaca , and G 5 was treated with albendazole. Results The in vitro test revealed that CEE of  B. aegyptiaca  had the most significant anthelmintic activity on adult  H. contortus  followed by  A. herba-alba,  while  A. sativum  was of the lowest effect. The in vivo test showed that the CEE of  B. aegyptiaca  achieved an excellent faecal egg reduction (100%) at the 7th day post-treatment. The most efficient treatments that improved the haematological parameters and regained the level of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio, serum globulin, SGoT, SGPT, urea and creatinine to the almost normal levels were CEE of  B. aegyptiaca , albendazole and CEE of  A. herba-alba , respectively. Conclusions This study highlighted the marked anthelmintic potency of the CEEs of  B. aegyptiaca  and  A. herba-alba  on  H. contortus  and the superiority of CEE of  B. aegyptiaca  as a talented anti-parasitic medicinal plant for sheep.

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Efficacy of some Egyptian native plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus in vitro and in experimentally infected sheep along with the associated haematological and biochemical alterations