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Background Entomopathogens such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi are well recognized for their biocontrol potential. This study was carried out to examine the insecticidal properties of the  Heterorhabditis bacteriophora  Poinar,  Beauveria bassiana  Balsamo-Crivelli,  Bacillus thuringiensis  Berliner, individually and in combination against 3rd instar larvae of  Spodoptera litura  Fabricius (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) under controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions at Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh. Results The results demonstrated that the combined applications of the tested entomopathogens resulted in 100% insect mortality under the laboratory conditions. Among the individual concentrations, applications of 200 IJs/ml were noticed highly virulent with (98%) mortality, followed by  B. thuringiensis  (96%) and then by  B. bassiana  (92%). However, single treatments were also evaluated that further showed a highest mortality in the target pest by  H. bacteriophora , followed by  B. thuringiensis.  Among the combined treatments by  H. bacteriophora  plus  B. thuringiensis  (200 IJs + 1 × 10 12  CFU/cm 2 ) more effective caused (100%) mortality were noticed in the laboratory and (28%) under the greenhouse conditions than  H. bacteriophora  plus  B. bassiana  (200 IJs + 1 × 10 10  conidia/cm 2 ) that caused (100%) mortality and (34%) damage under both, laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Conclusion Laboratory bioassay and greenhouse evaluation tests demonstrated that the combined sprayed treatments showed reliable and fast synergism. This study could be recommended to the farmers to control the pest.

Synergistic effect of entomopathogens against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions