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This study evaluated the pathogenicity of indigenous soil isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains, applied without and along with 1.0% MgCl2 salt, to Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Toxicity and effect of Bt isolate on larval development (weight) were assessed using in vitro bioassays. Six concentrations of the tested Bt with salt (i.e., 1.0 × 107, 0.5 ×  105, 1.0 × 105, 1.5 × 105, and 2.0 × 105 cfu/ml), five without salt (i.e., 0.5 × 105, 1.0 × 105, 1.5 × 105, and 2.0 × 105 cfu/ml), and control were bioassayed against third-instar larvae of H. armigera under a complete randomized design (CRD), with four replications. Results revealed that both larval mortality and weight changes were significantly affected by time (F5, 19 = 35.98; P <  0.001 and F5, 19 = 11.01; P < 0.001, respectively) and treatments (F5, 19 = 27.45; P < 0.001 and F5, 19 = 25.07; P < 0.001). The highest larval mortality (91.1%) was exhibited by the highest concentration (1.0 × 107 cfu/ml), followed by 2.0 × 105 cfu/ml concentration, without salt (88.9%) and with salt (66.7%). Median lethal concentration (LC50) values of isolated Bt strain were 1.7 and 1.27 × 105 cfu/ml, without salt, and 1.80 and 1.13 × 105 cfu/ml, with salt, at 96 and 120 h, respectively. Regarding the impact of Bt isolate on larval development, treatment with the highest concentration (1.0 × 107 cfu/ml) had the most significant and negative impact on larval weight change (R2 = 0.53), followed by 2.0 × 105 cfu/ml Bt concentration (R2 = 0.40). There was no obvious synergistic or additive effect, but rather an inhibition was observed on the pathogenicity potential or larvicidal effect of Bt isolate.

Pathogenicity of indigenous soil isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis to Helicoverpa armigera Hübner 1809 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)