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Background Mosquitoes are important vectors of disease-causing organisms such as filarial worms, malaria parasites, and arboviruses endemic to sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. Malaria is a disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and is no doubt a public health concern. There is limited information on the genetic diversity of mosquitoes in Nigeria. This is necessary because information about the genetic diversity of mosquitoes is a very important step towards vector control and management with the aim to mitigate or eliminate burden resulting from malaria and other diseases caused by mosquitoes. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability and relatedness of mosquitoes based on the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( COI ) and ribosomal intergenic non-coding spacer gene regions ( IGS ). Mosquitoes were collected from five different states in Northcentral Nigeria, they were morphologically identified using standard keys and genomic DNA was extracted. The specific regions of interests were amplified, and the PCR products were then sequenced. Results PCR was able to successfully amplify the expected amplicon sizes of  COI  and  IGS  sequences (710 and 169) base pairs, respectively. For  COI  sequence, pairwise genetic distance between mosquito species ranged from 0.00 to 0.17 in the  COI  sequences. The pairwise genetic distance among  Culex ,  Aedes  and  Anopheles  species in the  IGS  sequences ranged from 0.000 to 0.118. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit showed that there was genetic diversity amongst the different mosquito species sampled. It effectively showed marked differences between  Culicine  and  Anopheline  mosquitoes. Conclusions The ribosomal  IGS  primers used for this study only amplified Anopheles spp. However, it revealed that there is diversity among the  Anopheles gambiae  and  Anopheles arabiensis  samples collected. This study concludes that the mitochondrial  COI  and ribosomal  IGS  gene regions are reliable markers for mosquito genetic diversity study and will surely yield a reliable result for molecular diversity assessment of mosquito species.

journal of basic and applied zoology /journal of basic and applied zoology

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of collected mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Northcentral Nigeria using mitochondrial COI and ribosomal IGS gene regions