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Background  Vitamin D has been implicated as being involved in the aetio-pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies present contradictory results. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the major transport protein, is also involved in various inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D], DBP and polymorphisms in group-specific component (GC) in pre-symptomatic individuals and matched controls within prospective cohorts of the Northern Sweden.    Methods  Blood samples donated to the Medical Biobank prior to the onset of symptoms of RA ( n  = 515, mean [SD] time before the onset of symptoms 6.2 [9.3] years) and from matched (2:1) population-based controls ( n  = 267) were used. Plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and DBP levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GC polymorphisms (rs4588 and rs7041) were analyzed with TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems).    Results  Levels of 25(OH) D or DBP were not statistically different between pre-symptomatic individuals and controls in a crude, or a multiple-adjusted logistic regression model. However, an increased risk for future RA was found in females of DBP (OR 1.014 [95%CI 1.001–1.028]) per 10 mg/L adjusted for carriage of the minor allele of rs4588, in a multiple-adjusted model ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusions  This study indicated that vitamin D is not associated with the future risk of RA although increasing levels of DBP were however, associated with an increased risk of disease in females carrying the minor allele of a DBP encoding SNP.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s41927-018-0033-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Vitamin D in individuals before onset of rheumatoid arthritis - relation to vitamin D binding protein and its associated genetic variants