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Background  To evaluate changes in total choline (tCho) absolute concentration ([tCho]) in the breast of healthy fertile women in relation to menstrual cycle (MC) or use of oral contraceptives (OC).    Methods  After institutional review board approval, we prospectively evaluated 40 healthy fertile volunteers: 20 with physiological MC, aged 28 ± 3 years (mean ± standard deviation; nOC group); 20 using OC, aged 26 ± 3 years (OC group). Hormonal assays and water-suppressed single-voxel 3-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) were performed on MC days 7, 14, and 21 in the nOC group and only on MC day 14 in the OC group. [tCho] was measured versus an external phantom. Mann-Whitney  U  test and Spearman coefficient were used; data are given as median and interquartile interval.    Results  All spectra had good quality. In the nOC group, [tCho] (mM) did not change significantly during MC: 0.8 (0.3–2.4) on day 7, 0.9 (0.4–1.2) on day 14, and 0.4 (0.2–0.8) on day 21 ( p  = 0.963). In the OC group, [tCho] was 0.7 (0.2–1.7) mM. The between-groups difference was not significant on all days ( p  ≥ 0.411). All hormones except prolactin changed during MC ( p  ≤ 0.024). In the OC group, [tCho] showed a borderline correlation with estradiol ( r  = 0.458,  p  = 0.056), but no correlation with other hormones ( p  ≥ 0.128). In the nOC group, [tCho] negatively correlated with prolactin ( r  = -0.587,  p  = 0.006) on day 7; positive correlation was found with estradiol on day 14 ( r  = 0.679,  p  = 0.001).    Conclusions  A tCho peak can be detected in the normal mammary gland using 3-T  1 H-MRS. The [tCho] in healthy volunteers was 0.4–0.9 mM, constant over the MC and independent of OC use.

european radiology experimental

Changes in total choline concentration in the breast of healthy fertile young women in relation to menstrual cycle or use of oral contraceptives: a 3-T 1H-MRS study