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Background  Bacterial infections cause an increase in the population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To investigate the downstream factors associated with hematopoietic stem cells, mice are infected with  Mycobacterium avium  ( M. avium ).    Results    Mycobacterium avium  ( M. avium ) infection induces the enlargement of the spleen and changes in histopathology, including changes to the lineage populations. A dramatic expansion of Lin − c-kit + Sca-1 +  (KSL) cells in mouse bone marrow cells and spleen cells was detected 4 weeks after infection with  M. avium ; however, there was no difference in the engraft activity between infected and un-infected mouse bone marrow cells. We tested the cytokine and cytokine-related gene expression after  M. avium  infection and found that IFN-γ expression increased and peaked at 4 weeks in both bone marrow and spleen cells. The expression of Sca-1 gene peaked at 4 weeks in the bone marrow but peaked at 2 weeks in spleen cells, although the Sca-1 surface marker peaked at 4 weeks after infection in both bone marrow and spleen cells. Interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2) expression did not change in the bone marrow cells, whereas it decreased in spleen cells at 4 weeks and IRF-1 expression was up-regulated in both bone marrow and spleen cells after infection. However, the up-regulation of IRF-1 was not correlated with IFN-γ expression in the  M. avium -infected mouse spleen cells.    Conclusions  This finding suggests that the IFN-γ production mediated by  M. avium  infection alters the population of KSL cells during host defense, and the down-regulation of the IFN-γ response in spleen cells occurs at the late stage after  M. avium  infection.

Mycobacterium avium infection induces the resistance of the interferon-γ response in mouse spleen cells at late stages of infection