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Background   Leishmania  RNA virus-1 (LRV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus identified in 20–25% of  Viannia —species endemic to Latin America, and is believed to accelerate cutaneous to mucosal leishmaniasis over time. Our objective was to quantify known virulence factor (VF) RNA transcript expression according to LRV1 status, causative species, and isolate source.    Methods  Eight cultured isolates of  Leishmania  were used, four of which were LRV1-positive ( Leishmania Viannia braziliensis  [ n  = 1],  L . ( V .)  guyanensis  [ n  = 1],  L . ( V .)  panamensis  [ n  = 2]), and four were LRV1-negative ( L . ( V .)  panamensis  [ n  = 3],  L . ( V .)  braziliensis  [ n  = 1]). Promastigotes were inoculated into macrophage cultures, and harvested at 24 and 48 h. RNA transcript expression of  hsp23 ,  hsp70 ,  hsp90 ,  hsp100 ,  mpi ,  cpb , and  gp63  were quantified by qPCR.    Results  RNA transcript expression of  hsp100  ( p  = 0.012),  cpb  ( p  = 0.016), and  mpi  ( p  = 0.022) showed significant increases from baseline pure culture expression to 24- and 48-h post-macrophage infection, whereas  hsp70  ( p  = 0.004) was significantly decreased. A trend toward increased transcript expression of  hsp100  at baseline in isolates of  L . ( V .)  panamensis  was noted. Pooled VF RNA transcript expression by  L . ( V .)  panamensis  isolates was lower than that of  L . ( V .)  braziliensis  and  L . ( V .)  guyananesis  at 24 h ( p  = 0.03). VF RNA transcript expression did not differ by LRV1 status, or source of cultured isolate at baseline, 24, or 48 h; however, a trend toward increased VF RNA transcript expression of 2.71- and 1.93-fold change of  mpi  ( p  = 0.11) and  hsp90  (p = 0.11), respectively, in LRV1 negative isolates was noted. Similarly, a trend toward lower levels of overall VF RNA transcript expression in clinical isolates (1.15-fold change) compared to ATCC® strains at 24 h was noted ( p  = 0.07).    Conclusions  Our findings suggest that known VF RNA transcript expression may be affected by the process of macrophage infection. We were unable to demonstrate definitively that LRV-1 presence affected VF RNA transcript expression in the species and isolates studied.  L . ( V .)  guyanensis  and  L . ( V .)  braziliensis  demonstrated higher pooled VF RNA transcript expression than  L . ( V .)  panamensis ; however, further analyses of protein expression to corroborate this finding are warranted.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s41182-019-0153-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Virulence factor RNA transcript expression in the Leishmania Viannia subgenus: influence of species, isolate source, and Leishmania RNA virus-1