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Vertebral arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an uncommon vascular disorder and defined as abnormal connections of the extracranial vertebral artery or its branches into the neighboring vein or deep venous plexus. This can be spontaneous or traumatic in origin. Spontaneous cases may be congenital or associated with dysplasia of vascular wall. Traumatic cases are due either to blunt or penetrating trauma, or iatrogenic trauma.

A case of vertebral arteriovenous fistula in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis