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Background  Seven in absentia homolog 1 ( SIAH1 ) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing a RING-finger domain and a key regulator of normal development. Skin and hair follicle development is a complex and special process of morphogenesis involving multiple signaling pathways.  SIAH1  is enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway and potentially related to hair follicle cycle and skin development. This study aims to provide evidence for the role of  SIAH1  in skin and hair development.    Results  Full-length cloning and analysis of  SIAH1  was conducted to better understand its function. Phylogenetically, the sequence of SIAH1 in the rabbit shares the greatest homology with  Home sapiens ,  Pongo abelii  and  Mus mulatta.  Based on the rabbit hair follicle synchronization model, we found that the expression level of  SIAH1  in the regressive period of the rabbit hair cycle is significantly lower than in the active growth and rest periods. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of skin and hair follicle development-related genes changed significantly when  SIAH1  was overexpressed and silenced. After  SIAH1  overexpression, the expression levels of  WNT2 ,  LEF1  and  FGF2  decreased, and those of  SFRP2  and  DKK1  increased ( P  < 0.05). After interference of  SIAH1 , the expression levels of  WNT2 ,  LEF1  and  FGF2  increased ( P  < 0.05), and  SFRP2  and  DKK1  decreased.    Conclusions   SIAH1  can affect skin and hair follicle development and exert an inhibitory effect. These results could provide foundamental insights into the role of  SIAH1  as a target gene in rabbit skin and hair follicle development.

Characterization and functional analysis of SIAH1 during skin and hair follicle development in the angora rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)