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Background  Argonaute (AGO) protein is a kind of RNA binding protein that plays an integral role in the gene-silencing pathways guided by small RNAs. But there are few studies about the regulation of AGO genes responded to diverse abiotic stress in maize.    Results  In this study, we analyzed the expression of seventeen ZmAGO genes under heat, cold, salinity, drought and ABA treatments using quantitative PCR (qPCR). All  ZmAGOs  showed differential expression modes under various abiotic stress treatments. Two  ZmAGOs  ( ZmAGO1a  and  ZmAGO5d ) and other fifteen ZmAGOs exhibited specific up-regulation in response to heat separately. Several  ZmAGO  genes are very sensitive to cold stress, but many  ZmAGO  genes are slow to respond to NaCl treatment. Nine  ZmAGO  genes ( ZmAGO1f ,  ZmAGO2b ,  ZmAGO4 ,  ZmAGO5a/b/c ,  ZmAGO7 ,  ZmAGO9  and  ZmAGO18a/b ) presented definite up-regulation in response to drought, which were similar to the pattern of gene regulation under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.    Conclusions  Various  ZmAGO  genes respond to different abiotic stress treatments. These results provide fundamental information and insights for the further study on the role of abiotic stress resistance genes in maize and provide basis for further study on the function of AGO genes in response to abiotic stress in maize.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-019-0102-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Expression analysis of Argonaute genes in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to abiotic stress