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Background  Short-culm mutants have been widely used in breeding programs to increase lodging resistance. In barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.), several hundreds of short-culm mutants have been isolated over the years. The objective of the present study was to identify the  Brachytic1  ( Brh1 ) semi-dwarfing gene and to test its effect on yield and malting quality.    Results  Double-haploid lines generated through a cross between a  brh1.a  mutant and the European elite malting cultivar Quench, showed good malting quality but a decrease in yield. Especially the activities of the starch degrading enzymes β-amylase and free limit dextrinase were high. A syntenic approach comparing markers in barley to those in rice ( Oryza sativa  L.), sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor  Moench) and brachypodium ( Brachypodium distachyon  P. Beauv) helped us to identify  Brh1  as an orthologue of rice  D1  encoding the Gα subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein. We demonstrated that  Brh1  is allelic to  Ari-m . Sixteen different mutant alleles were described at the DNA level.    Conclusions  Mutants in the  Brh1  locus are deficient in the Gα subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein, which shows that heterotrimeric G proteins are important regulators of culm length in barley. Mutant alleles do not have any major negative effects on malting quality.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-017-0045-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

hereditas

Mutations in the gene of the Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein are the cause for the brachytic1 semi-dwarf phenotype in barley and applicable for practical breeding