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Colibactin is a small genotoxic molecule produced by enteric bacteria, including certain  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ) strains harbored in the human large intestine. This polyketide-peptide genotoxin is considered to contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. The colibactin-producing ( clb  + ) microorganisms possess a 54-kilobase genomic island ( clb  gene cluster). In the present study, to assess the distribution of the  clb  gene cluster, genotyping analysis was carried out among  E. coli  strains randomly chosen from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BRC, Japan.    Findings  The analysis revealed that two of six strains possessed a  clb  gene cluster. These  clb  +  strains JCM5263 and JCM5491 induced genotoxicity in in vitro micronucleus (MN) tests using rodent CHO AA8 cells. Since the induction level of MN by JCM5263 was high, a bacterial  umu  test was carried out with a cell extract of the strain, revealing that the extract had SOS-inducing potency in the  umu  tester bacterium.    Conclusion  These results support the observations that the  clb  gene cluster is widely distributed in nature and  clb  +  E. coli  having genotoxic potencies is not rare among microorganisms.

genes and environment

Genotyping of a gene cluster for production of colibactin and in vitro genotoxicity analysis of Escherichia coli strains obtained from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms