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Background   Entrainment to the environmental light cycle is an essential property of the circadian clock. Although the compound eye is known to be the major photoreceptor necessary for entrainment in many insects, the molecular mechanisms of photic entrainment remain to be explored.Results  We found  that  cryptochrome s ( cry s) and  c-fos  mediate photic entrainment of the circadian clock in a hemimetabolous insect, the cricket  Gryllus bimaculatus . We examined the effects of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of the  cry  genes,  Gb’cry1  and  Gb’cry2 , on photic entrainment, and light-induced resetting of the circadian locomotor rhythm.  Gb’cry2  RNAi accelerated entrainment for delay shifts, while  Gb’cry1/ Gb’cry2  double RNAi resulted in significant lengthening of transient cycles in both advance and delay shifts, and even in entrainment failure in some crickets. Double RNAi also strongly suppressed light induced resetting. The  Gb’cry- mediated phase shift or resetting of the rhythm was preceded by light-induced  Gb’c-fosB  expression. We also found that  Gb’c-fosB ,  Gb’cry2  and  Gb’period  ( Gb’per ) were likely co-expressed in some optic lobe neurons.    Conclusion  Based on these results, we propose a novel model for photic entrainment of the insect circadian clock, which relies on the light information perceived by the compound eye.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s40851-018-0109-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A novel photic entrainment mechanism for the circadian clock in an insect: involvement of c-fos and cryptochromes