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This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of  Stachytarpheta jamaicensis  leaf on streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Sets of male albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 180 and 250 g were exposed to high fat diet (margarine and oil from vegetable sources in a ratio of 2:1 w/v) for 3 weeks. Then the animals were fasted overnight; hyperglycemic state was induced using reduced dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and animals were randomly divided into five groups ( n  = 7); group A received the HFD + STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.); group B received HFD + STZ + gliberclamide (10 mg/kg; i.p); groups C, D and E were administered the HFD + streptozotocin with different doses of the ethanol extract (30, 35 and 100 mg/kg p.o., respectively). Results Results showed significant ( p  &lt; 0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration of the rats treated with different doses of  S. jamaicensis  extract and those treated with gliberclamide compared to the untreated diabetic rats (negative control). Significant ( p  &lt; 0.05) reductions in activities of serum AST, ALP, total protein and bilirubin were noticed in the groups in contrast to the control. Levels of urea, creatinine, potassium and chloride were considerably ( p  &lt; 0.05) low while sodium and bicarbonate levels were high in the groups except the control. Lipid profile revealed significant ( p  &lt; 0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL, VLDL while HDL levels were high in the groups compared to the control. The extract significantly ( p  &lt; 0.05) ameliorated weight loss. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and pancreas showed ameliorative effect of the extract against the deleterious changes occasioned by the HFD and STZ induced diabetic state. Conclusion These findings have provided scientific basis for the use of  S. jamaicensis  in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in ethnomedicinal practices in Nigeria.

Anti-diabetic effect of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis on low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed on a high-fat diet