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Background  Sri Lanka faces the double burden of over- and undernutrition. To tackle this dual challenge, double duty interventions that improve the quality of the Sri Lankan diet in line with national dietary guidelines have been suggested. The success of these interventions depends upon an understanding of the context-specific factors that impact their uptake within the population. The purpose of this study was threefold: explore household responsibility for food-related labour; understand food decision-making influences; and investigate consumption hierarchies that might impact the distribution of intervention benefits.    Methods  We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 93 Sri Lankan adults residing in urban Colombo ( n  = 56), and urban and rural sectors in Kalutara ( n  = 29) and Trincomalee ( n  = 8). Interview data were analysed thematically.    Results  Findings from this study suggest that women in Sri Lanka continue to shoulder the burden of food-related labour disproportionately to men but that this responsibility is not always a proxy for dietary decision-making power. While men are often absent from the kitchen, their role in food purchasing and payment is prominent in many households. Despite these observed gender differences in food labour and provisioning,  “traditional”  age- and gender-based consumption hierarchies with negative nutrition consequences for women and children are not common, indicating that Sri Lankan ‘table culture’ may be changing.    Conclusion  Dietary interventions with the aim of influencing day-to-day practice should be developed with an awareness of who is responsible for, who is able to perform, and who influences targeted behaviours.    Supplementary information   Supplementary information  accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s40795-020-00389-w.

Food labour, consumption hierarchies, and diet decision-making in Sri Lankan households: a qualitative study