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Background   Staphylococcus lugdunensis  is a coagulase-negative  Staphylococcus  species, which are weak pathogenic bacteria generally. However, the acute and severe pathogenicity of  Staphylococcus lugdunensis  infective endocarditis may be due to the rapid growth of large vegetation and consequent valve destruction.    Case presentation  The patient was an 81-year-old male who visited our hospital with chief complaints of low back pain and high fever. Four years before this visit, he had undergone aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. He was found to be hypotensive. Although there is no heart murmur on auscultation and echocardiography revealed negative findings with aortic valve, a blood test showed increases in the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein concentration. On the next day, Gram-positive cocci were detected in a blood culture and echocardiography detected a large vegetation on the prosthetic valve with increased flow velocity. Therefore, he underwent redo aortic valve replacement emergently.  Staphylococcus lugdunensis  was identified in blood samples and vegetation culture. Consequently, the patient was treated with antibiotics for 5 weeks after the operation and discharged home.    Conclusions  We experienced rapidly progressive prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by  Staphylococcus lugdunensis . Hence,  Staphylococcus lugdunensis  infective endocarditis requires aggressive treatment, and the pathogenicity of this coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with high drug susceptibility should not be underestimated.

A case of aggressive aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis aggressive caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis