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Background  This experiment aimed at assessing polyphenol-rich plant biomass to use in complete feed making for the feeding of ruminants.    Methods  An in vitro ruminal evaluation of complete blocks (CFB) with ( Acacia nilotica ,  Ziziphus nummularia  leaves) and without ( Vigna sinensis  hay) polyphenol rich plant leaves was conducted by applying Menke’s in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. A total of six substrates, viz. three forages and three CFBs were subjected to in vitro ruminal fermentation in glass syringes to assess gas and methane production, substrate degradability, and rumen fermentation metabolites.    Results  Total polyphenol content (g/Kg) was 163 in  A. nilotica  compared to 52.5 in  Z. nummularia  with a contrasting difference in tannin fractions, higher hydrolysable tannins (HT) in the former (140.1 vs 2.8) and higher condensed (CT) tannins in the later (28.3 vs 7.9). The potential gas production was lower with a higher lag phase (L) in CT containing  Z. nummularia  and the component feed block.  A. nilotica  alone and as a constituent of CFB produced higher total gas but with lower methane while the partitioning factor (PF) was higher in  Z. nummularia  and its CFB. Substrate digestibility (both DM and OM) was lower ( P  < 0.001) in  Z. nummularia  compared to other forages and CFBs. The fermentation metabolites showed a different pattern for forages and their CFBs. The forages showed higher TCA precipitable N and lower acetate: propionate ratio in  Z. nummularia  while the related trend was found in CFB with  V. sinensis . Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher ( P  < 0.001) in  A. nilotica  leaves than  V. sinensis  hay and  Z. nummularia  leaves. It has implication on widening the forage resources and providing opportunity to use forage biomass rich in polyphenolic constituents in judicious proportion for reducing methane and enhancing green livestock production.    Conclusion  Above all, higher substrate degradability, propionate production, lower methanogenesis in CFB with  A. nilotica  leaves may be considered useful. Nevertheless, CFB with  Z. nummularia  also proved its usefulness with higher TCA precipitable N and PF. It has implication on widening the forage resources and providing opportunity to use polyphenol-rich forage biomass for reducing methane and enhancing green livestock production.

han'gug dongmul jawon gwahag hoeji/han-guk dongmul jawon gwahak hoeji/journal of animal science and technology

In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics, metabolite production, methane and substrate degradability of polyphenol rich plant leaves and their component complete feed blocks