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Background  Cervical dystonia (CD), the most common focal dystonia, is a chronic neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, leading to abnormal postures. AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) was approved in the US initially as a 500 U per 1-mL dilution and subsequently, as a 500 U/2-mL dilution (or 250 U/mL), thereby providing clinicians with more flexible dosing options to better meet individual patient needs. The objective of this open-label extension study was to evaluate the longer term safety and efficacy of repeat treatments with aboBoNT-A using 2-mL dilutions in adults with cervical dystonia.    Methods  Patients ( N  = 112) from a 12-week, double-blind lead-in study (NCT01753310) received up to three additional treatments of aboBoNT-A, with re-treatment every 12–16 weeks based on clinical judgment. Safety was assessed through treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) total and subscale scores were measured at day 1 of each treatment cycle (C), 4 weeks after each treatment, and 12 weeks after the third treatment. Descriptive statistics were used for all analyses.    Results  In cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, 35.7, 25.9, 30.2, and 22.8% of patients reported TEAEs. Dysphagia, muscular weakness, and neck pain were each reported by 10.7% of patients, over the full study duration. Mean TWSTRS total score decreased from 37.7 (SD 13.6 [C1, day 1]) to 30.1 (SD 12.8 [C3, week 12]). In each cycle, TWSTRS total and subscale scores decreased from day 1 to week 4 and increased between weeks 4 and 12, though the week 12 scores remained lower than day 1 scores.    Conclusion  Extended treatment of cervical dystonia with aboBoNT-A (up to 3 additional treatment cycles) using a 2-mL dilution is effective, with a positive risk-benefit profile.    Trial registration  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT01753336 . Registered 17 Dec 2012.

AbobotulinumtoxinA using 2-mL dilution (500 U/2-mL) maintains durable improvement across multiple treatment cycles