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Background  Asthma in paediatric populations is one of the highest public health concerns. In this study of children and adolescents, we hypothesized that low levels of physical activity (PA) would show associations with asthma that vary by asthma outcome. The objective was to assess whether PA was associated with  ever asthma  and/or  current asthma .    Methods  Analyses were based on 4824 Danish schoolchildren aged 11–15 years old (48.7% boys) participating in the HBSC survey. The study variables were (1) physician-diagnosed asthma ( ever asthma)  and (2) physician-diagnosed asthma plus wheezing and/or physician or hospital consultation for wheezing  (current asthma) . Associations with PA by gender were analysed with multivariate logistic regression using the “variance covariance (vce) cluster” method.    Results  The prevalence of  ever asthma  was 14.3% (boys) and 12.8% (girls), and that of  current asthma  was 6.8% (boys) and 7.0% (girls). Boys with  current asthma  showed important differences in low and high PA. We found inverse associations between low PA and  ever asthma , odds ratio [95% confidence interval] male: .55 [.30; .99] and female: .47 [.24; .93], and  current asthma,  male: .27 [.12; .60] ( P linear trend  = .007) and female: .32 [.11; .94].    Conclusions  The lowest activity levels showed significant inverse associations with asthma, regardless of the definition. For boys, the more stringent ( current asthma ) of the two paediatric asthma definitions revealed a significant trend with PA, and the direction of associations shifted to positive as weekly PA increased.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s40733-018-0042-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Associations of physical activity with childhood asthma, a population study based on the WHO - health behaviour in school-aged children survey