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Background  Skeletal development and its cellular function are regulated by various transcription factors. The T-box (Tbx) family of transcription factors have critical roles in cellular differentiation as well as heart and limbs organogenesis. These factors possess activator and/or repressor domains to modify the expression of target genes. Despite the obvious effects of  Tbx20  on heart development, its impact on bone development is still unknown.    Methods  To investigate the consequence by forced  Tbx20  expression in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs), these cells were transduced with a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding  Tbx20  and an enhanced green fluorescent protein.    Results   Tbx20  gene delivery system suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs, as indicated by reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S staining. Consistently, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that  Tbx20  gain-of-function reduced the expression levels of osteoblast marker genes in osteo-inductive Ad-MSCs cultures. Accordingly,  Tbx20  negatively affected osteogenesis through modulating expression of key factors involved in this process.    Conclusion  The present study suggests that  Tbx20  could inhibit osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells.

T-Box20 inhibits osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: the role of T-Box20 on osteogenesis