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Background  Alpha 1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) may affect the susceptibility of mastitis in dairy cattle for its possible role in the protection of lactoferrin from proteolytic degradation in the mammary. Milk somatic cell score (SCS) is a logarithmic transformation of the milk somatic cell count widely used as an index to evaluate mastitis. To study the relationships of  α1 - AT  gene and SCS in Chinese Holstein cows,  methods of PCR-SSCP, DNA sequencing, PCR-RFLP, and CRS-PCR technologies were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms sites in  α1 - AT  gene.    Results  Two polymorphic sites at G5503A and G5746C of  α1 - AT  gene were found. AA (0.3633), AB (0.4644) and BB (0.1723) genotypes were detected at G5503A site, CC (0.3483), CD (0.4906) and DD (0.1611) genotypes were found at G5746C in Chinese Holstein cows. Least squares mean of SCS for individuals with BB genotype was significantly lower than that with AA and AB genotype ( p  < 0.01), and that with AB genotype was significantly lower than that with AA ( p  < 0.05). There was no significant difference among individuals with CC, CD and DD genotypes ( p  > 0.05). Least squares mean of SCS for individuals with BBDD genotype combination were significantly lower than those with AACC and AACD ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusions  Statistical analysis indicated that B allele and BBDD genotype combination of α1-AT can improve mastitis resistance in dairy cattle.

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms sites in α1-AT gene and their association with somatic cell score in Chinese Holstein cows