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Summary  Refractive errors are frequently found following cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange. Accurate biometric analysis, selection and calculation of the adequate intraocular lens (IOL) and modern techniques for cataract surgery all contribute to achieving the goal of cataract surgery as a refractive procedure with no refractive error.  However, in spite of all these advances, residual refractive error still occasionally occurs after cataract surgery and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) can be considered the most accurate method for its correction. Lens-based procedures, such as IOL exchange or piggyback lens implantation are also possible alternatives especially in cases with extreme ametropia, corneal abnormalities, or in situations where excimer laser is unavailable. In our review, we have found that piggyback IOL is safer and more accurate than IOL exchange.  Our aim is to provide a review of the recent literature regarding target refraction and residual refractive error in cataract surgery.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40662-014-0002-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Surgical options for correction of refractive error following cataract surgery