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Purpose  The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in quantitative performance and feasibility of quantitative harmonisation in  89 Zr PET/CT imaging.    Methods  Eight EANM EARL-accredited (Kaalep A et al., Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 45:412–22, 2018) PET/CT systems were investigated using phantom acquisitions of uniform and NEMA NU2-2007 body phantoms. The phantoms were filled according to EANM EARL guidelines for [ 18 F]FDG, but [ 18 F]FDG solution was replaced by a  89 Zr calibration mixture. For each system, standard uptake value (SUV) accuracy and recovery coefficients (RC) using SUVmean, SUVmax and SUVpeak metrics were determined.    Results  All eight investigated systems demonstrated similarly shaped RC curves, and five of them exhibited closely aligning recoveries when SUV bias correction was applied. From the evaluated metrics, SUVpeak was found to be least sensitive to noise and reconstruction differences among different systems.    Conclusions  Harmonisation of PET/CT scanners for quantitative  89 Zr studies is feasible when proper scanner-dose calibrator cross-calibration and harmonised image reconstruction procedures are followed. An accreditation programme for PET/CT scanners would facilitate multicentre  89 Zr quantitative studies.

Feasibility of PET/CT system performance harmonisation for quantitative multicentre 89Zr studies