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Glycyrrhetic acid 3- O -mono- β - d -glucuronide (GAMG) as an important derivative of glycyrrhizin (GL) shows stronger biological activities and higher sweetness than GL. The biotransformation process is considered as an efficient strategy for GAMG production, due to its mild reaction, high production efficiency and environmentally friendly status. In this study, licorice straw was used for the first time as a medium for GAMG and lignocellulosic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation (SSF) of endophytic fungus  Chaetomium globosum  DX-THS3. The fermentation conditions including particle size, temperature, seed age, inoculum size, and moisture of substrate were optimized. Furthermore, additional nitrogen sources and carbon sources were screened for GAMG production by  C. globosum  DX-THS3 of SSF. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the percent conversion of glycyrrhizin reached 90% in 15 days, whereas the control needed 35 days to achieve the same result. The productivity of optimization ( P  = 2.1 mg/g/day) was 2.33-fold that of non-optimization ( P  = 0.9 mg/g/day). Meanwhile, high activities of filter paper enzyme (FPase) (245.80 U/g), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (33.67 U/g), xylanase (83.44 U/g), and  β -glucuronidase activity (271.42 U/g) were obtained faster than those in the control during SSF. Our study provides a novel and efficient strategy for GAMG production and indicates  C. globosum  DX-THS3 as a potential producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes.Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40643-021-00441-y.

bioresources and bioprocessing

Concurrent production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide and lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation of a plant endophytic Chaetomium globosum