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Objectives  To improve the fermentation production of transglutaminase (TGase) from  Streptomyces mobaraensis  for applications in the food industry, the atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis was applied to breed  S. mobaraensis  mutants with increased TGase production.    Results  After eight rounds of iterative ARTP mutagenesis, four genetically stable mutants,  Sm 5-V1,  Sm 6-V13,  Sm 2-V10, and  Sm 7-V12, were identified, which showed increased TGase production by 27, 24, 24, and 19%, respectively. The best mutant  Sm 5-V1 exhibited a maximum TGase activity of 5.85 U/mL during flask fermentation. Compared to the wild-type strain, the transcription levels of the zymogen TGase genes in the mutants increased significantly as indicated by quantitative real-time PCR, while the gene nucleotide sequences of the mutants did not change at all. It was shown that the overexpression of TGase zymogen gene in the mutants contributes to the increase in TGase production.    Conclusions  ARTP is a potentially efficient tool for microbial mutation breeding to bring some significant changes required for the industrial applications.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40643-017-0168-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bioresources and bioprocessing

Enhancing transglutaminase production of Streptomyces mobaraensis by iterative mutagenesis breeding with atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP)