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Turbulence represents essentially random fluctuations that evolve both spatially and temporally, and appear in various geophysical and space science applications. A spectral moment method is proposed to characterize the turbulence energy spectra in the wavevector and frequency domain in the lowest-order sense. The frequency shift velocity and the random sweeping velocity are obtained from the first-order and second-order moments of the wavenumber–frequency spectra. The maximum extension direction and the elliptic spectral shape are obtained from the second-order moments of the wavevector spectra. The algorithm for the spectral moment computation is presented with synthetic energy spectra and solar wind energy spectra.Open image in new windowGraphical abstract.

Spectral moments for the analysis of frequency shift, broadening, and wavevector anisotropy in a turbulent flow