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Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the propagation and breakup of a reconnection flow jet of initial cross-tail extent 24 d  i  (∼1.5R  E ; d  i  is the ion inertial length). Such a front is found to separate into two segments, with the dawnward portion propagating ahead of the duskward one. Both segments expand duskward, reaching separate lengths of 18–25 d  i , and both segments develop internal structures on east–west scales of 1–2 d  i . The currents responsible for the ramp up of B  z  at the fronts are confined to narrow (≲d  i ) ribbons whose localization is primarily associated with the electron U  ey  flow. The incoming ion flow is slowed down and deflected duskward at the front, and ambient ions are reflected back from the moving front. These processes create regions of enhanced T  ixx  both downstream and upstream of the front, while there is a local minimum at the front itself. These results help to explain the prevalence of ∼1R  E  flow jets in the plasma sheet.

Reconnection flow jets in 3D as a source of structured dipolarization fronts